Creating Networks and Coalitions

Creating Networks and Coalitions

Pre-print of a paper by M. K. Hemenway, Elizabeth Roettger, and John Percy published in Astronomy Education: Current Developments, Future Directions Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series 89, 143-147, 1996

Chair: Mary Kay Hemenway
Recorder: John Percy
Reporter: Elizabeth Roettger

"Networks", "coalitions," and "partnerships" are key words, but what do they mean? Why do we need them? How can we use them for mutual benefits? How can we best choose, form, and maintain connections? These questions, and some possible answers to them, were the main issues our group identified. After some discussion of computer networks, it became clear that the networks we, the participants, had actually used were networks of people - although computer networks figure prominently as a means of communication and dissemination.

Counting individuals and groups as "nodes," we defined a network as interacting nodes with issues in common. Although networks connect many organizations and communities, they tend to work through connections between individuals. We believe this is because good networks often rely on mutual respect and trust, which are easier to achieve among individuals. We need networks because an individual can't do everything alone; we need to pool our skills and share the work. No single human being can keep track of the enormous amount of information being generated; we need to filter the information and share the important things with each other. We waste an enormous amount of time and resources re-inventing projects that others have tried and perfected or discarded; we need to share our experiences and learn from each other.

We want astronomy education networks to be used to connect and empower the separate nodes. We hope these networks will:

Two main themes, with a lot of overlap, kept recurring. We found ourselves trying to connect communities and trying to share resources.

COMMUNITIES
Who are the communities that have something we need for astronomy education? We started a list of network subsets, and invite you to add to the list depending upon your own interactions and needs:

How do we choose, reach, and work with these diverse groups? Most of us join a network because we have a need that the network can fill. Recognizing that others have something to offer us makes it easier to respect them and their skills. Astronomers can learn from teachers, planetarium staff, and others as well as vice versa (consider that teachers study how to design good bulletin boards, and then compare that to your experience as you walk through a poster session at an astronomy conference). It's too easy to focus on our own expertise and fail to value the expertise of others; mutual respect is one key to make a network connection work. Another key to successful networks and coalitions is communication - it is more effective to reach someone or some group by using their modes of communication. This may be a choice of vocabulary or a choice between e-mail and phone calls. Although e-mail is a convenient form of communication, we noted that many people and organizations do not have e-mail, and felt it was important to maintain multiple modes of communication to avoid separating the haves from the have-nots. E-mail can break some of an astronomer's or teacher's sense of isolation, but there are isolated astronomy teachers that must be reached through other modes of communication.

Communities

OTHER RESOURCES (sharing the stuff and information)

We need networks for surveying, gathering information, finding out what's been successful, and disseminating information and resources. We wondered who or what would be the best "node" for astronomy education. Directories of who has what resources, projects, and programs would be useful. We particularly want to find ways to make resources available to teachers, and discussed a central clearinghouse, or just trying to link teachers to the local "nodes." We wondered how such efforts could be funded: through professional societies, private funding, or funding agencies (we hope to see more cooperation between National Science Foundation, NASA, and other agencies, and between the education and research branches).

Challenges and Lessons Learned

We discussed the possibilities of an astronomy education journal or newsletter, moderated discussion groups or information services, Internet "questions and answers," and WWW homepages as a source of interpreted information. We talked about the need for more respect for teaching, particularly in academic culture. To meet this need, we discussed the possibility of an AAS Division for Education. Such a division would promote higher visibility and better recognition of the value of astronomy education, but the benefit of such a division should be compared to the current AAS Working Group on Astronomy Education (WGAE). Although AAS members are restricted to presenting only one paper per meeting as first author, members of an AAS working group may present an addition paper in a session sponsored by a working group. The WGAE permits only AAS members to be members of the working group; AAS divisions may have affiliate members who are not AAS members participate in the meetings and functions of the division. Divisions involve a more formal structure, including dues and officers, than the currently informal WGAE. However, the affiliate members of a division pay lower dues than full AAS members in order to join the division, and don't have to meet the formal AAS membership guidelines in order to join the division (they are expected to belong to another appropriate professional society). Divisions commonly have meetings both in conjunction with AAS meetings and independent of AAS meetings.

Recommended actions:

1. Use existing structures and modes of communication We discussed STScI as a possible national institute for science education. We listed some existing resources: Physics Education News (PEN is a electronic newsletter produced by AIP), the AAS WGAE (with its electronic newsletter), the AIP monthly magazine Physics Today, the AAS "Newsletter," ASP's magazine "Mercury," the proposed AAS Initiative in Astronomy Education, and NASA's Space Grant Colleges & Coalitions and teachers' resource centers. We also discussed possible new publications, organizations, or divisions of existing organizations, and are forced to admit that it's quite tempting to reinvent the wheel.

2. Individuals:


3. Major nodes:

4. Include quality control in the information you communicate:

There are a lot of good materials and programs around, but there are some that aren't so good. Many of us don't want to criticize, but it's possible to recommend quality items or describe how something meets your needs. (The worth of a resource lies in the "hands of the user;" some items are excellent for certain circumstances or require special equipment and are useless for others. Therefore, just a list of "what's available" doesn't provide much value.) Andrew Fraknoi (ASP's Project ASTRO) and several others have compiled lists of recommended resources; although a single combined list might be more convenient, multiple annotated lists may serve better as a review and filtering system.

5. We need to provide information on how to help each other connect to others with which they may wish to network. For science teachers, NSTA (with a membership of over 52,000) might be an appropriate place to start.

6. We need to

Mary Kay Hemenway's Selected Publications